This first part is only for practice. Your results will be discarded.
You will see a slide of anywhere between 1 - 5 symbols flash on your screen. Memorize the set of symbols (you need not remember their order).
Then, you will see a series of images like the one shown below.
Decide whether or not the symbol was part of the previous set and click on either the [✓] or the [x] to indicate Yes or No.
Remember, your goal is to answer correctly as quickly as possible. You should sit in a quiet place, free of distractions.
In the first part of this test, you will have to respond with your mouse. After each probe, you will have to recenter it by clicking on the arrow button:
Click the arrow on the bottom right when you're ready to begin the practice.
", numTrials : 1, allowedInputs : ["mouse"], }, { type : "trial", instructions : "Now for the real deal. It'll be the same as the practice you just took.
When you're ready, press the arrow to begin the test.
By the way, we know that the buttons are very far apart. We do this to track some information about your reaction time, and you'll be able to see all of these results in the end. Thanks for your patience and cooperation!
In the next part of this test, you'll be given the same task. But this time, you will have to respond with your keyboard instead of your mouse.
To do this, press 1 to indicate [✓] and 0 to indicate [X].
To begin with the practice, press the arrow button or your space bar.
Now for the part that counts. Remember:
try to respond as fast as possible.
You will be scored on your response time and accuracy. Good luck!
1. First, you will see a screen (like the one in the image below) showing anywhere between 1 and 5 symbols. Memorize these symbols (you need not remember their order).
2. Then, you will see a series of screens, each showing one symbol at a time and asking you whether that symbol was present in the set you have just memorized.
Decide whether or not the symbol was part of the original set and press 1 for yes and 0 for no.
Remember, your goal is to answer correctly as quickly as possible. You should sit in a quiet place, free of distractions.
Click the arrow below or press space bar when you're ready to start the practice task (this first practice task will not count toward your final results).
", numTrials: 1, allowedInputs : ["keyboard"], }, { type: "trial", instructions : "Now for the part that counts. Remember:
your goal is to respond as quickly and as accurately as possible.
You will be scored on your response time and accuracy. Good luck!
| Description | You | World | Unit | "; // generate the table for everything in the fieldDict for(var key in fieldDict) { if(fieldDict.hasOwnProperty(key)) { html += "
|---|---|
| " + fieldDict[key][0] + ": | "; // display the Description html += tdsWithWinners(stats[key], world_stats[key], key); // display the two statistics with the winner highlighted html += "" + fieldDict[key][1] + " | rows */ function tdsWithWinners(a, b, key) { var compared = compareStats(a, b, key); if(compared > 0) return tdOfWinner(a) + tdOfLoser(b); else if(compared < 0) return tdOfLoser(a) + tdOfWinner(b); else return tdOfLoser(a) + tdOfLoser(b); } function compareStats(a, b, key) { return (a - b) * Number(fieldDict[key][2]); // (a - b) determines which is bigger and then multiplies by Comparison in fieldDict } function tdOfWinner(text) {return " | " + Math.floor(Number(text)) + " | ";} function tdOfLoser(text) {return "" + Math.floor(Number(text)) + " | ";} /* for_range is passed in as the for_range parameter in the svg functions, look below at function SVG() for more information */ var for_range = [stats.set_size_avg, world_stats.set_size_avg]; // this is the SVG graph html += "
Above are your average response times per set size in blue and the world's average response times per set size in black. If you hover over any dot on the graph, you will see the exact average response time for that set size.
Don't worry if your results look unusual. Many factors can impact individual results: the quality of your keyboard, lighting, fatigue, your monitor, etc.
But do take a look at the average (World) results. This experiment is designed to test a hypothesis formulated by Robert Sternberg, an American psychologist. In the 1960’s, Sternberg argued that in order to access any part of our short-term memory, we do a complete scan of every part of our short-term memory. If this is true, then the lines you see above should be sloping upwards: as we try to keep more information in memory at any given time, it should take us longer to decide if a new symbol is part of the set we have memorized or not. Individual results may be quite noisy, but if all goes well, the average results over all participants should show a clear trend. In prior experiments, it had been shown that we need approximately 35 extra milliseconds to respond for each additional item we try to memorize.
"; //comments html += "" + "Are you satisfied with the feedback you received and with the way we show your results? We are always open for suggestions, so please let us know what you think!" + "
" + "" + ""; fixedSet.results_html = html; // put the html into results_html } /* sends all of the current results to the server */ var sendData = function() { var tmp_results = {}; var number_of_trials = vars.total_num_trials; /* add the info to tmp_results and send to the server */ tmp_results.test = { test_name : fixedSet.test_name, number_of_trials : number_of_trials, comments : "", stim_set : config.symbols.slice(0).toString() } tmp_results.trials = []; for(n in expment.results) { tmp_results.trials[n] = { participant_id : globals.participant_id, trial_type : expment.results[n].type, trial_num : expment.results[n].trial_num, stims : expment.results[n].stim_set.slice(0).toString(), stim_size : expment.results[n].stim_set.length, stim_time : config.stimDuration, num_probes : config.posProbesPerTrial + config.negProbesPerTrial, time_before_first_probe : config.waitToFirstDuration, time_between_probes : config.waitToNextDuration, } tmp_results.trials[n].probes = []; for(s in expment.results[n].probes) { var probe = expment.results[n].probes[s]; tmp_results.trials[n].probes[s] = { probe_num : probe.probe_num, response_time : probe.rt, move_time : probe.mt, response : (probe.input_response ? 1 : 0), correct : (probe.input_response == probe.response_required ? 1 : 0), response_type : probe.input_type, probe : probe.symbol, } } } sendAjax({database : "all", data : tmp_results}); // send all the information to the server }; this.sendData = sendData; // make accessible outside of FixedSet and implements test.sendData in testInterface.txt // will hold the html for the results, called later, implements test.results_html in testInterface.txt this.results_html = null, /* ================================================= FixedSet INTERFACE ENDS HERE ============================================== */ /* ============================ The rest of the file includes helper functions for each part of the interface ================== */ /* ================================================= PRELOAD HELPERS STARTS HERE =============================================== */ // determines whether a positive or negative response should be required function isPosResponse() { return (getRandomInt(0,1) == 1); // right now it's 50% of the time } // gets a random set from config.symbols of length "num" function getRandomSet(num) { var return_set = []; do { var index = getRandomInt(0, (vars.total_num_symbols - 1)); // get a random index from the symbols if (!arrayContains(return_set, config.symbols[index])) { return_set.push(config.symbols[index]); // if the return_set doesn't already have this symbol, then add it in! } } while(return_set.length < num) // keep repeating until the total number required has been gotten return return_set; } // gets a probe to test the individual. if response_required, then will return something in the set // otherwise will return something outside of the set function getProbe(pos_response_required, set) { if (pos_response_required) { var randomIndex = getRandomInt(0, (set.length - 1)); return set[randomIndex]; } else { do { var randomIndex = getRandomInt(0, (vars.total_num_symbols - 1)); var symbol = config.symbols[randomIndex]; } while (arrayContains(set, symbol)); return symbol; } } // the following two populate functions fill the divs with the necessary // stimulus and probes function populateStim(current_trial) { var stim_html = "Correct!
" : "Incorrect!
") $("#feedback").html(feedback_html); if (trial.type == "practice") $("#feedback").show(); // record the results expment.tmp_results.probes[probeNumber].rt = input.rt; expment.tmp_results.probes[probeNumber].mt = input.mt; expment.tmp_results.probes[probeNumber].input_response = input.response; expment.tmp_results.probes[probeNumber].input_type = input.type; expment.tmp_results.probes[probeNumber].probe_num = probeNumber; // go to the next trial goToNext(trial, probeNumber, input.type == "mouse"); } // goes to the next probe or trial function goToNext(trial, probeNumber, needsRecenter) { // show feedback, if the mouse needs to be recentered, show the recentering div setTimeout(function() { $("#feedback").hide(); $("#feedback").empty(); $("#" + trial.of_test + trial.type + trial.trial_num + trial.phase + "response" + probeNumber).hide(); if (needsRecenter) { withMouseCenter(next); } else { setTimeout(next, config.itiDuration); } }, config.feedbackDuration); function withMouseCenter(fun) { $("#mouse_center").show(); $("#mouse_center").children("img").on('click', function() { $("#mouse_center").hide(); $("#mouse_center").children("img").off("click"); fun(); }); } // function which will move to the next probe or trial function next() { // if there are more probes in the trial, show them if(probeNumber < (config.posProbesPerTrial + config.negProbesPerTrial) - 1) { showSlide("empty"); setTimeout(function() {displayProbe(trial, probeNumber + 1)}, config.waitToNextDuration); } else { // otherwise go to the nextTrial if(vars.ch) { clearChain(vars.ch); } var tmp = trial; tmp.probes = expment.tmp_results.probes.slice(0); expment.results.push(tmp); expment.tmp_results = {}; if(trial.type != "practice" && ((trial.trial_num % config.setsBeforeBreak) == (config.setsBeforeBreak - 1))) { motorLogger.sendMotorLog("includes/motor_logger.php"); $("#mouse_center").children("div").html("You've completed a few sets! Take a breather :). When you're ready to move on to the next trial, press the arrow beneath this message.
"); function keyboard_handler(e) { if(e.keyCode == 32) {// space bar is 32 key code $("#mouse_center").children("img").click(); } } $(document).on("keypress", keyboard_handler); withMouseCenter(function() { $(document).off("keypress", keyboard_handler); $("#mouse_center").children("div").empty(); nextTrial(fixedSet); }); } else { nextTrial(fixedSet); } } } // END function next } // END function goToNext /* ================================================= NEXT TRIAL CHAINS HELPERS ENDS HERE ====================================== */ /* ================================================= AJAX HELPERS START HERE ================================================== */ vars.tried_ajax = 0; vars.current_ajax_requests = 0; // a function used to send ajax calls to the server for the test function sendAjax(info) { vars.current_ajax_requests++; $.ajax({ type: "POST", url : "includes/data.php", data: info }).done(function(r) { // the response should be an id for each of the // parts of the test if(!/^[0-9]+$/.test(r)) { //alert(r); return; } switch (info.database) { case "tests" : test_id = r; break; case "trials" : vars.current_trial_id = r; break; case "probes" : vars.current_probe_id = r; break; case "all" : // do nothing; break; } vars.current_ajax_requests--; }); } /* the functionw withAjaxSync and sendDataIndividually aren't used right now... // used to make sure that the other ajax responses have completed before firing func() function withAjaxSync(func) { if(vars.current_ajax_requests > 0) { vars.tried_ajax += 1; console.log("Waiting for ajax..."); if(vars.tried_ajax < 250) { setTimeout(function() {withAjaxSync(func)}, 250); } else { showFailPage(); } } else { vars.tried_ajax = 0; func(); } } // sends all the probes but individually and not as a package (can be useful if test is unloaded before finishing) function sendDataIndividually() { var number_of_trials = 0; for(n in expment.phases) { number_of_trials += expment.phases[n].numTrials; } sendAjax({database : "tests", data : { test_name : fixedSet.test_name, number_of_trials : number_of_trials, comments : "", stim_set : config.symbols.slice(0).toString() }}); var send_next = function(n) { if(n == expment.results.length) { return; } else { withAjaxSync(function() { sendAjax({database : "trials", data: { test_id : fixedSet.test_id, participant_id : globals.participant_id, trial_type : expment.results[n].type, trial_num : expment.results[n].trial_num, stims : expment.results[n].stim_set.slice(0).toString(), stim_size : expment.results[n].stim_set.length, stim_time : config.stimDuration, num_probes : config.posProbesPerTrial + config.negProbesPerTrial, time_before_first_probe : config.waitToFirstDuration, time_between_probes : config.waitToNextDuration, }}); withAjaxSync(function() { for(s in expment.results[n].probes) { var probe = expment.results[n].probes[s]; sendAjax({database : "probes", data : { trial_id : vars.current_trial_id, probe_num : probe.probe_num, response_time : probe.rt, move_time : probe.mt, response : (probe.input_response ? 1 : 0), correct : (probe.input_response == probe.response_required ? 1 : 0), response_type : probe.input_type, probe : probe.symbol, }}); } send_next(n + 1); }); }); } } send_next(0); } */ /* ======================================================= AJAX HELPERS END HERE ======================================= */ /* ======================================================= SUBMIT HELPERS START HERE =================================== */ // used for the results page function get_stats() { /* initial declarations of items needed in fieldDict */ var probes = 0; var correct = 0; var pos_correct = 0; var neg_correct = 0; var rt = 0; // total response time var p_rt = 0; // total positive response time var n_rt = 0; // total negative response time var mt = 0; // total move time (reaction time) var set_size_total = []; // total probes of each set size var set_size_time = []; // total time of each set size var set_size_avg = []; // average time of each set size var set_size_mt = []; // total reaction time of each set size var set_size_mavg = []; // average reaction time of each set size var rts = []; // reaction times by set_size, to calculate outliers /* this initializes the set_size arrays to 0 for each set size that existed in the trial */ for(var i = config.min_stims - 1; i < config.max_stims; i++) { set_size_total[i] = 0; set_size_time[i] = 0; set_size_avg[i] = 0; set_size_mt[i] = 0; set_size_mavg[i] = 0; rts[i] = []; } /* processing the outliers (currently taking out any response times that are (config.lqrMultiple * LQR) away from the median per set size) will return an array of upper and lower bounds e.g. [{upper: 432, lower:222}, {upper: 456, lower:243}], the index of each range in the return should be the set size minus 1 */ function processOutliers() { var ranges = []; for(n in expment.results) { if(!(expment.results[n].type == "practice") && expment.results[n].allowed_input.indexOf("keyboard") > -1) { // only take keyboard input and non-practice trials var trial = expment.results[n]; // alias for coding for(s in trial.probes) { var probe = trial.probes[s]; // alias for coding if(probe.input_response == probe.response_required) { // only record correct responses rts[trial.total_in_stim - 1].push(probe.rt); } } } } for(n in rts) { ranges[n] = getRange(rts[n]); // getRange calculates the (config.lqrMultiple * LQR) range from the median } return ranges; } /* given an array of response times, getRange returns an upper bound and a lower bound (inclusive) for the range of plausible response times */ function getRange(rt) { if(rt.length < 4) { // if there are less than 4 legitimate times, none should be outliers return { lower : Math.min.apply(Math, rt), upper : Math.max.apply(Math, rt), } } rt = rt.sort(function(a,b) {return a - b}); // sort assending var med = median(rt); var upperQ = median(rt.filter(function(a) {return med < a})); // upperQ is the upper Quartile var lowerQ = median(rt.filter(function(a) {return a < med})); // lowerQ is the lower Quartile var iqr = upperQ - lowerQ; // inner quartile range return { lower : med - config.iqrMultiple * iqr, // lower bound upper : med + config.iqrMultiple * iqr // upper bound } } /* median returns the median of an array of values, if the array is unsorted, pass in the 2nd argument as false */ function median(values, unsorted) { // http://caseyjustus.com/finding-the-median-of-an-array-with-javascript if(unsorted) values.sort( function(a,b) {return a - b;} ); var half = Math.floor(values.length/2); if(values.length % 2) return values[half]; else return (values[half-1] + values[half]) / 2.0; } var ranges = processOutliers(); // ranges now has the upper and lower bounds for each set size /* count up all the results! */ for(n in expment.results) { if(!(expment.results[n].type == "practice") && expment.results[n].allowed_input.indexOf("keyboard") > -1 ) { // ignore the result if it was a practice trial or a mouse trial var trial = expment.results[n]; // alias to make coding easier for(s in trial.probes) { var probe = trial.probes[s]; // alias to make coding easier probes++; if(probe.input_response == probe.response_required) { // if correct_response correct++; rt += probe.rt; mt += probe.mt; (probe.input_response ? p_rt += probe.rt : n_rt += probe.rt); (probe.input_response ? pos_correct++ : neg_correct++); if(ranges[trial.total_in_stim - 1].lower <= probe.rt && probe.rt <= ranges[trial.total_in_stim - 1].upper) { // only record set information without outliers set_size_total[trial.total_in_stim - 1] += 1; set_size_time[trial.total_in_stim - 1] += probe.rt; set_size_mt[trial.total_in_stim - 1] += probe.mt; } } } } } /* after grabbing totals, calculate */ avg_rt = Math.floor(rt / correct); avg_p_rt = Math.floor(p_rt / pos_correct); avg_n_rt = Math.floor(n_rt / neg_correct); avg_mt = Math.floor(mt / correct); accuracy = Math.floor((correct * 100) / probes); for(n in set_size_total) { set_size_avg[n] = Math.floor(set_size_time[n] / set_size_total[n]); set_size_mavg[n] = Math.floor(set_size_mt[n] / set_size_total[n]); } return { avg_rt : avg_rt, avg_p_rt : avg_p_rt, avg_n_rt : avg_n_rt, avg_mt : avg_mt, correct : correct, total : probes, accuracy : accuracy, set_size_avg : set_size_avg, set_size_mavg : set_size_mavg } } function get_worldStats() { return globals.world_stats; } var svg = new SVG(); this.svg = svg; // make globally accessible function SVG() { var svg = this; /* height and width of svg element on the page */ this.height = 361; this.width = 681; /* offsets of the graphable areas in the svg element (kind of like padding) */ this.top = 30; this.bottom = 301; this.left = 50; this.right = 661; /* edited by this.setCustomRange, used to tell where the range of the Y and X elements are given a set of points */ this.Ymax = 0; this.Ymin = 0; this.Xmax = 0; this.Xmin = 0; this.Yrange = 0; this.Xrange = 0; this.setCustomRange = function(times, for_range) { function array_max(arr) {return Math.max.apply(Math, arr);} function array_min(arr) {return Math.min.apply(Math, arr);} svg.Ymax = Math.max.apply(Math, times); svg.Ymin = Math.min.apply(Math, times); svg.Xmax = (times.length - 1); for(n in for_range) { svg.Ymax = Math.max(svg.Ymax, array_max(for_range[n])); svg.Ymin = Math.min(svg.Ymin, array_min(for_range[n])); svg.Xmax = Math.max(svg.Xmax, for_range[n].length - 1); } svg.Xmin = 0; svg.Yrange = svg.Ymax - svg.Ymin; svg.Xrange = svg.Xmax - svg.Xmin; }; this.calculateYPosition = function(point) { return (svg.bottom - ((point - svg.Ymin) / svg.Yrange) * (svg.bottom - svg.top)) }; this.calculateXPosition = function(pointNumber) { return (svg.left + ((pointNumber - svg.Xmin) / svg.Xrange) * (svg.right - svg.left)); }; this.mouseOverPoint = function(color, index, point) { var circle_selector = "#circle" + color + index; $(circle_selector).attr("r", 8); $("#svgText").empty(); $("#svgText").append("Set size: " + (Number(index) + 1) + ", Response Time: " + point + "ms"); $(circle_selector).on("mouseout", function() { $(circle_selector).attr("r", 5); $("#svgText").empty(); }); }; } function generateItemAsString(times, for_range, fun) { svg.setCustomRange(times, for_range); var string = ""; for(n in times) { string += fun(n, times[n]); } return string; } function generatePoints(times, for_range) { return generateItemAsString(times, for_range, function(num, point) { return svg.calculateXPosition(num) + "," + svg.calculateYPosition(point) + " "; }); } function generateCircles(times, for_range, color) { function getIdCol(color) { if(color.slice(0,1) == "#") { return color.slice(1); } else { return color; } } var id_col = getIdCol(color); return generateItemAsString(times, for_range, function(num, point) { return "